Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Translation and Validation of the Hearing Protection Assessment Scale in Turkish: Reliability and Validity Study
İşitme Koruması Değerlendirme Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye Uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Kübra ÖZMENa , Eda ÇAKMAKa , Merve DENİZ SAKARYAa
aBaşkent University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Audiology, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2024;9(2):360-8
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2024-101229
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The study aims to adapt the Hearing Protection Assessment (HPA-2) scale in Turkish to ensure its reliability and validity. The HPA-2 scale assesses supports and barriers related to employees' hearing protection behaviors by associating them with personal and environmental factors. Despite legal regulations, the frequency of workers using hearing protection is relatively low in Türkiye. Exploring the factors under employees' hearing protection behaviors is important to promote a noisesafe environment. Material and Methods: The HPA-2 scale, developed by Reddy and his colleagues, consists of 18 5-point Likert-type items. The adaptation of the scale (HPA-2-Tr) was conducted with two experts in linguistics. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the scale among 423 employees in noisy workplaces. Purposive sampling was used in the study. Demographic data was collected using a form developed by researchers, and the HPA-2-Tr scale was administered to the participants. The construct validity was established by conducting exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory factor analyses via IBM SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 25.0, respectively. Results: The EFA yielded a three-factor structure that differed from the original scale. The model fit indices (CFI= 0.937, GFI= 0.900, RMSEA= 0.068, NFI= 0.908, and TLI=0.926) were within the acceptable range. The scale's KR-20 value was 0.881, and the Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient was 0.915. Conclusion: The model fit indices revealed a good fit for the three-dimensional structure of the 18-item HPA-2-Tr scale. Reliability analysis showed that the scale is highly reliable in interpreting factors that affect hearing protection behaviors.

Keywords: Health promotion; noise-induced hearing loss; ear protective devices; occupational health; reliability and validity
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, ''Hearing Protection Assessment (HPA-2)'' ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlanmasını ve ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik özelliklerinin test edilmesini amaçlamaktadır. HPA-2 ölçeği, işçilerin işitme koruma davranışlarına ilişkin kişisel ve çevresel faktörlerle ilişkilendirilerek destekleri ve engelleri değerlendiren ekolojik modeli benimseyen bir ölçektir. Gürültüde çalışanların işitmesini korumak adına yapılan yasal düzenlemelere rağmen Türkiye'deki işçilerin işitme koruması kullanma sıklığı oldukça düşüktür. İşçilerin işitme koruma davranışlarının altında yatan faktörlerin incelenmesi, gürültü güvenli bir ortamı teşvik etmek amacıyla önemlidir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: HPA-2 ölçeği, Reddy ve ark. tarafından geliştirilen 5'li Likert tipi 18 maddeden oluşan bir ölçektir. HPA-2'nin Türkçeye uyarlanması iki dil uzmanı tarafından yapılmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirlik ve geçerlik kanıtları için bir kesitsel çalışma tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, gürültülü iş yerlerinde çalışan amaca yönelik örnekleme ile seçilmiştir. Çalışmaya farklı endüstriyel alanlarda çalışan 423 işçi katılmıştır. Katılımcılara ilişkin bilgileri toplamak amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen demografik veri formu kullanılmıştır. Son olarak, HPA-2-Tr katılımcılara uygulanmıştır. Yapı geçerliliği için açıklayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi sırasıyla IBM SPSS 25.0 ve AMOS 25.0 programları ile yapılmıştır. Bulgular: AFA sonuçlarına göre ölçeğin Türkçe uyarlamasında orijinal versiyonundan farklı olan 3 faktörlü bir yapı ortaya çıkmıştır. Model uyum indeksleri hesaplanmış ve elde edilen değerler (Karşılaştırmalı Uyum İndeksi=0,937, Uyum İyiliği İndeksi=0,900, yaklaşık hataların ortalama karekökü=0,068, Normlaştırılmış Uyum İndeksi=0,908 ve Tucker-Lewis İndeksi=0,926) kabul edilebilir aralıkta bulunmuştur. HPA-2-Tr'nin Kuder-Richardson 20 değeri 0,881, Spearman-Brown güvenilirlik katsayısı ise 0,915'tir. Sonuç: Model uyum indeksleri, HPA-2-Tr ölçeğinin 18 madde içeren 3 boyutlu yapısının iyi bir model uyumu gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca güvenirlik analizi sonuçları ölçeğin işitme koruması kullanımını etkileyen faktörleri yorumlamada oldukça güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık desteğinin geliştirilmesi; gürültüye bağlı işitme kaybı; kulak koruyucu cihazlar; iş sağlığı; güvenirlik ve geçerlik
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